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Article 65 [New window]
... institutional and political actors involved in the process, at both the national and the regional level. The wide spectrum of views and opinions expressed in an open and inclusive debate will contribute to define the political expectations that the representative mechanism of the Federation Council is intended to address.
Rome Conference 2007
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Practical Federalism [New window]
... proceedings and consensus document of the Venice meeting, which offer an authoritative summary of the converging proposals on the distribution of powers as well as a detailed inventory of issues that need to be addressed for the federal constitution to become a vehicle for democracy and the rule of law.
Venice Seminar 2006
Erbil Seminar 2007
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DiverCities [New window]
The implementation of the fundamental principles of human rights and rule of law in the management of culturally diverse cities and communities in Iraq is essential for the country’s long-term stability, security and democracy. Current Iraqi authorities have inherited a complex state of affairs, particularly in “mixed cities” such as Kirkuk. ...
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Overview Report [New window]
Overview Report
... for Iraq. Although the discussion had a general focus, it was agreed that more specific follow-up on the federal system of Iraq is necessary in the near future. The participants are very dedicated to the establishment of a federal system and this was reflected in the work of the seminar.
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Participants [New window]
List of Participants
IRAQ
Government
...
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Program [New window]
Program
... Iraq
Venice, 18-26 July, 2006
Monastery of San Niccolo
Venice-Lido
Draft Program
Day 0: Monday, 17 July
Welcome dinner at the Monastery 20:30 - 21:00
Welcome remarks by the organizers Mr Bakhtiar Amin, AIJ, Prof. Horst Fischer, EIUC President and Niccolo Figa-Talamanca, No Peace Without Justice
Day 1: Tuesday, 18 July
Morning session 9:30 - 13:30
Federalism, devolution and region building
Introduction to general principles of federalism, devolution and region building. A comparative approach will exemplify different experiences for a highly negotiable and problem-solving oriented constitutional engineering of national togetherness and will contribute to explore the widest spectrum of applied federal, devolved and regional ...
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Federalism, Devolution and Region Building [New window]
... or if it sets national norms and standards. Such conflicts are dealt with in the first instance through negotiations, and, if still unresolved, by the Constitutional Court. Participants discussed the possibility of future claims on aspects of provincial powers, an element which is allowed for in the South African system.
Virtually all revenue is raised by the national government. Provinces have very limited power to raise taxes, but do have a constitutional right to an equitable share of national revenue based on population, needs, and other criteria (as do local governments). Distribution to provinces is weighted on the basis ...
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Fiscal Arrangments and Public Spending [New window]
... don’t approve loans unless there is a clearly defined fiscal policy It is also important to consider how potential foreign investors will perceive the taxation system as it applies to them (they will want to know, for instance, how much they will be expected to pay and to whom)
Main issues
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Management and Sharing of Waer, Oil, Gas and other [New window]
... on whose behalf?
The problem-solving and flexibility possible when designing a federal system is reflected also in the range of arrangements that have been found to manage issues pertaining to natural resources, including ownership and management as well as management of revenues generated and the redistribution of the resulting wealth.
Ownership
In many countries, the issue of resource ownership appears to be a formal aspect that does not need to be explicitly addressed when regulating competences related to the management of natural resources intended to generate revenue to benefit citizens. Participants pointed out that one reason certain constitutions do not ...
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Justice System, Criminal Law, Liberties [New window]
... hours before bringing criminal charges.
Conclusion
Participants discussed how Iraq could utilise and build on methods employed in Canada, Germany, India, South Africa and the United States, taking successful aspects of each in order to formulate a fair and lasting justice system best suited to the country and its people.
Main issues
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